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<meta name="description" content="gdb,是arcgis重要的数据格式之一，它把矢量数据按以下层级结构存为本地文件 图层 -- 要素 ---- 属性 ---- 形状 ---- 样式gdal提供了函数允许我们读取gdb，因此，我们可以通过jni调用gdal来再java中读取gdal 1、配置gdal环境liunx下按照gdal需要编译，而windows下就比较简单了，下载编译好的dll文件，然后环境变量path里加入dll目录即可">
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<meta property="og:description" content="gdb,是arcgis重要的数据格式之一，它把矢量数据按以下层级结构存为本地文件 图层 -- 要素 ---- 属性 ---- 形状 ---- 样式gdal提供了函数允许我们读取gdb，因此，我们可以通过jni调用gdal来再java中读取gdal 1、配置gdal环境liunx下按照gdal需要编译，而windows下就比较简单了，下载编译好的dll文件，然后环境变量path里加入dll目录即可">
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        <h1 class="article-title">geoserver gwc</h1>
    
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        创建时间:<time class="date" title='更新时间: 2020-10-15 10:50:17'>2016-11-28 20:46</time>
        
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        <p> <strong>- 简介</strong></p>
<p>gwc，是“Geo Web Cache”的简称。它是一种带缓存的地图服务，但与TileLayer的工作机制又不太一样。我们先回顾一下两种常规的地图服务模式：</p>
<p>DynamicLayer：动态图，即每次接收到用户的出图请求后，根据用户传过来的地图范围，查询范围内的要素并绘制成图片返回给用户。由于每次出图请求都需要查询和绘制，效率一般不会很高。</p>
<p>TileLayer：根据指定的切图原点，切图范围等参数，预先将绘制好瓦片图并保存起来，当用户请求某个范围内的地图时，计算此范围覆盖了哪些瓦片并将这些切片返回给用户。由于瓦片是预先绘制好的，直接返回就行了，所以速度很快。TileLayer也有很多缺点，实时性不高，每次切图很耗时(几十天甚至几个月一点都不稀奇)，而且占用很大的磁盘空间，某级别下的某些区域用户可能根本不会去访问，这就白白浪费了切图的时间和磁盘。</p>
<p>gwc是结合DynamicLayer和TileLayer的一种折衷方案：先不做预切图(当然也可以做，这个在下面实际使用时再具体说明)，当用户发送某个范围的出图请求时，计算范围内需要哪些切片，然后去缓存文件夹中找，没找到的话先临时生成一个丢到缓存文件夹里，把这些切片作适当的缩放和裁剪，再拼起来返回给用户。</p>
<hr>
<p> <strong>- 如何使用</strong></p>
<p>首先，可以在web.xml文件里配置一下gwc切片目录：</p>
<blockquote>
<p> &lt;context-param&gt;<br>   &lt;param-name&gt;GEOWEBCACHE_CACHE_DIR&lt;/param-name&gt;<br>   &lt;param-value&gt;你的geowebcache切片的目录&lt;/param-value&gt;<br>  &lt;/context-param&gt;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>不配的话，tomcat里运行默认是存在tomcat的temp目录下。</p>
<p> 然后进入geoserver的管理界面，我们看到Tile Cacing下一共五个子目录：<br><strong>Tile LayersTile Layers</strong><br>gwc图层的配置、查看、预切图等<br><strong>Caching Defaults</strong><br>一些默认设置<br><strong>Gridsets</strong><br>切图网格的设置<br><strong>Disk Quota</strong><br>磁盘存储设置，比如设置最大磁盘占用50g，当缓存文件超过50g后，会按最近最少使用之类的规则清理掉一些旧的<br><strong>BlobStores</strong><br>允许我们指定存储位置、磁盘blocksize等，以更合理地使用磁盘</p>
<p>我们先在Gridsets里，按照所用的地图信息配置一个切图网格：<br>![此处输入图片的描述][2]<br>遗憾的是不能直接修改坐标原点，导致切出来的瓦片不能直接拷贝出来丢给arcgis之类的使用，当然这个可以通过自定义坐标系来解决。</p>
<p>选择需要gwc的图层，<br><img src="http://7xlvcv.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/c4428e71-931d-4902-afe2-ecc84f4ea2eb" alt=""></p>
<p>好了，准备工作完成，下面可以开始使用了：<br>点击Tile Layers,Preview下拉框选择一个想要的图片格式和grid，就可以预览了(预览页面右键查看源代码，就有openlayers调用gwc的方法了^_^)。</p>
<p>如果想对指定区域进行预切片，只要点击Seed/Truncate，选好参数就可以开切了，不过geoserver切图性能堪忧，可以考虑用arcgis、gdal之类的切好了再丢到gwc缓存目录里。</p>
<p> <strong>- 关于resolution</strong></p>
<p> 比较一下gwc和wms请求图片的url：</p>
<pre><code>gwc:
geoserver/gwc/service/wms?LAYERS=xxx&amp;...&amp;SRS=EPSG%3A3857&amp;BBOX=xxx
wms:
geoserver/&lt;workspace&gt;/wms?LAYERS=xxx&amp;...&amp;SRS=EPSG%3A3857&amp;BBOX=xxx</code></pre><p>我们发现，gwc除了前缀url路径不一样，后面的请求参数和wms几乎是一样的，也就是说，gwc并不是像TileLayer那样直接把切片返回到客户端，而是需要通过bbox去计算需要哪些切片，然后做适当的拼接、裁剪、缩放。</p>
<p>如果同一个空间参考系配置了多个grid，geoserver会去计算请求图片的resolution与哪个grid更接近就用哪个grid。</p>
<p>如果请求图片的resolution与grid的resolution相差较大，会导致图片过大地缩放，然后图片质量就不好了，这是网上找的一张图：<br><img src="http://7xlvcv.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/114be441-b6ae-4630-b0e5-b0f5446cf2a1" alt=""></p>
<p> 如果resolution相差再大一些，geoserver就直接抛个异常说resolution相差不能超过10%了。</p>
<p> 所以，在使用gwc时，请尽量按照客户端地图的resolution来配置一套grid，以获得最佳浏览效果。</p>

      
       <hr><span style="font-style: italic;color: gray;"> 转载请注明来源，欢迎对文章中的引用来源进行考证，欢迎指出任何有错误或不够清晰的表达。可以在下面评论区评论，也可以邮件至 liuyu@wowtools.org </span>
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<div class="article_copyright">
    <p><span class="copy-title">文章标题:</span>geoserver gwc</p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">文章字数:</span><span class="post-count">1.1k</span></p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">本文作者:</span><a  title="刘雨">刘雨</a></p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">发布时间:</span>2016-11-28, 20:46:25</p>
    <p><span class="copy-title">最后更新:</span>2020-10-15, 10:50:17</p>
    <span class="copy-title">原始链接:</span><a class="post-url" href="/2016/11/28/2016-11-28-geoserver-gwc/" title="geoserver gwc">https://blog.wowtools.org/2016/11/28/2016-11-28-geoserver-gwc/</a>
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        <span class="copy-title">版权声明:</span><i class="fa fa-creative-commons"></i> <a rel="license noopener" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" title="CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International" target = "_blank">"署名-非商用-相同方式共享 4.0"</a> 转载请保留原文链接及作者。
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